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The following operating description of the LMR16030 will refer to the Functional Block Diagram and to the waveforms in Figure 7-1. The LMR16030 output voltage is regulated by turning on the high-side N-MOSFET with controlled ON time. During high-side switch ON time, the SW pin voltage swings up to approximately VIN, and the inductor current iL increases with alinear slope (VIN – VOUT) / L. When the high-side switch is off, inductor current discharges through a freewheel diode with a slope of –VOUT / L. The control parameter of the buck converter is defined as Duty Cycle D = tON / TSW, where tON is the high-side switch ON time and TSW is the switching period. The regulator control loop maintains a constant output voltage by adjusting the duty cycle D. In an ideal buck converter where losses are ignored, D is proportional to the output voltage and inversely proportional to the input voltage: D = VOUT / VIN.
