你好！
最近发现产品主板常温、高温都正常，但低温-40℃时通过SATA挂载的硬盘会概率性连不上，更换硬盘无效，其中有一块板子测试通过了，拆下通过的硬盘放故障板止也不行。PCB走线是差分100Ω，走线也不长（没超过3500mil），过孔残桩也不长。由于信号速度高，目前没设备去测量眼图，想问有什么别的途径来定位问题或者注意事项？
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你好！
最近发现产品主板常温、高温都正常，但低温-40℃时通过SATA挂载的硬盘会概率性连不上，更换硬盘无效，其中有一块板子测试通过了，拆下通过的硬盘放故障板止也不行。PCB走线是差分100Ω，走线也不长（没超过3500mil），过孔残桩也不长。由于信号速度高，目前没设备去测量眼图，想问有什么别的途径来定位问题或者注意事项？
同一个故障板子用测试通过板上的硬盘接上去也是不行的。故障时dmesg信息如下
vr-5718 login: root
root@vr-5718 ~
#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 468.3M 443.1M 216.0K 100% /
devtmpfs 486.1M 0 486.1M 0% /dev
tmpfs 499.1M 0 499.1M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 499.1M 88.0K 499.0M 0% /tmp
tmpfs 499.1M 12.0K 499.0M 0% /run
[ 14.374593] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x12 SAct 0x7f00001f SErr 0x800500 action 0x6 frozen
[ 14.384533] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[ 14.394483] ata1: SError: { UnrecovData Proto LinkSeq }
[ 14.399952] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.407499] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:00:4c:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.407499] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.424004] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.428440] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.436041] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:08:4d:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 1 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.436041] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.455314] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.460684] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.466143] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:10:4e:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 2 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.466143] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.481939] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.485861] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.495710] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 3 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.495710] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.523201] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.531435] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.541407] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:20:50:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 4 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.541407] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.557893] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.562742] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.572911] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:c0:45:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 24 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.572911] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.596639] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.604743] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.610203] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:c8:46:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 25 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.610203] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.627277] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.631179] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.636536] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:d0:47:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 26 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.636536] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.653255] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.657652] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.667155] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:d8:48:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 27 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.667155] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.683192] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.686954] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.693791] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:e0:49:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 28 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.693791] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.709829] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.713589] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.721320] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:e8:4a:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 29 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.721320] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.737232] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.743480] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.753572] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:f0:4b:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 30 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.753572] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.772498] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.776469] ata1: hard resetting link
[ 15.244445] ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 15.255552] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 15.264477] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[ 15.277945] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Sense Key : 0x5 [current]
[ 15.284067] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 ASC=0x21 ASCQ=0x4
[ 15.294074] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 28 4c 00 00 01 00
[ 15.302528] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 10316
[ 15.309040] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#1 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[ 15.318573] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#1 Sense Key : 0x5 [current]
[ 15.328348] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#1 ASC=0x21 ASCQ=0x4
[ 15.336256] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#1 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 28 4d 00 00 01 00
[ 15.344048] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 10317
[ 15.350662] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#2 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[ 15.359194] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#2 Sense Key : 0x5 [current]
[ 15.366475] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#2 ASC=0x21 ASCQ=0x4
[ 15.372856] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#2 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 28 4e 00 00 01 00
[ 15.380640] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 10318
[ 15.386661] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#3 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[ 15.400868] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#3 Sense Key : 0x5 [current]
[ 15.406923] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#3 ASC=0x21 ASCQ=0x4
[ 15.412299] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#3 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 28 4f 00 00 01 00
[ 15.420103] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 10319
[ 15.430168] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#4 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[ 15.438689] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#4 Sense Key : 0x5 [current]
[ 15.445584] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#4 ASC=0x21 ASCQ=0x4
[ 15.450912] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#4 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 28 50 00 00 01 00
[ 15.459664] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 10320
[ 15.467153] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[ 15.475872] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 Sense Key : 0x5 [current]
[ 15.483051] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 ASC=0x21 ASCQ=0x4
[ 15.494422] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 28 45 00 00 01 00
[ 15.507416] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 10309
[ 15.519521] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#25 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[ 15.536420] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#25 Sense Key : 0x5 [current]
[ 15.548422] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#25 ASC=0x21 ASCQ=0x4
[ 15.559414] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#25 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 28 46 00 00 01 00
[ 15.575406] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 10310
[ 15.586446] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#26 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[ 15.603427] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#26 Sense Key : 0x5 [current]
[ 15.615426] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#26 ASC=0x21 ASCQ=0x4
[ 15.626418] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#26 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 28 47 00 00 01 00
[ 15.642415] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 10311
[ 15.654469] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#27 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[ 15.670424] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#27 Sense Key : 0x5 [current]
[ 15.685966] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#27 ASC=0x21 ASCQ=0x4
[ 15.693819] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#27 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 28 48 00 00 01 00
[ 15.701660] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 10312
[ 15.707665] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#28 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
[ 15.716131] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#28 Sense Key : 0x5 [current]
[ 15.723277] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#28 ASC=0x21 ASCQ=0x4
[ 15.729324] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#28 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 00 00 28 49 00 00 01 00
[ 15.738424] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 10313
[ 15.745646] ata1: EH complete
/dev/sda1 55.9G 32.0K 55.9G 0% /media/sda1
root@vr-5718 ~
#dmesg | grep "ata"
[ 0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, PIPT instruction cache
[ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writealloc
[ 0.000000] Memory: 995432K/1045504K available (8192K kernel code, 338K rwdata, 2472K rodata, 2048K init, 287K bss, 25496K reserved, 24576K cma-reserved, 234496K highmem)
[ 0.000000] .data : 0xc1000000 - 0xc10549e8 ( 339 kB)
[ 0.033895] omap_hwmod: l3_main_2 using broken dt data from ocp
[ 0.264093] omap4_sram_init:Unable to allocate sram needed to handle errata I688
[ 0.264104] omap4_sram_init:Unable to get sram pool needed to handle errata I688
[ 1.849505] dmm 4e000000.dmm: workaround for errata i878 in use
[ 2.009819] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 2.275608] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): re-mounted. Opts: data=ordered
[ 3.961684] libata version 3.00 loaded.
[ 3.975552] ahci 4a140000.sata: forcing port_map 0x0 -> 0x1
[ 3.975586] ahci 4a140000.sata: AHCI 0001.0300 32 slots 1 ports 3 Gbps 0x1 impl platform mode
[ 3.975592] ahci 4a140000.sata: flags: 64bit ncq sntf pm led clo only pmp pio slum part ccc apst
[ 3.990747] ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 mmio [mem 0x4a140000-0x4a1410ff] port 0x100 irq 81
[ 4.460420] ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 4.466796] ata1.00: ATA-9: mSATA 3TE7, S20615, max UDMA/133
[ 4.472649] ata1.00: 117231408 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32)
[ 4.479684] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 4.750250] FAT-fs (sda1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
[ 14.374593] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x12 SAct 0x7f00001f SErr 0x800500 action 0x6 frozen
[ 14.384533] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[ 14.394483] ata1: SError: { UnrecovData Proto LinkSeq }
[ 14.399952] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.407499] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:00:4c:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.424004] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.428440] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.436041] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:08:4d:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 1 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.455314] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.460684] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.466143] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:10:4e:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 2 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.481939] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.485861] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.495710] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 3 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.523201] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.531435] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.541407] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:20:50:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 4 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.557893] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.562742] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.572911] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:c0:45:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 24 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.596639] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.604743] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.610203] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:c8:46:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 25 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.627277] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.631179] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.636536] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:d0:47:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 26 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.653255] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.657652] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.667155] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:d8:48:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 27 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.683192] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.686954] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.693791] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:e0:49:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 28 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.709829] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.713589] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.721320] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:e8:4a:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 29 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.737232] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.743480] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.753572] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:f0:4b:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 30 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.772498] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.776469] ata1: hard resetting link
[ 15.244445] ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 15.255552] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 15.745646] ata1: EH complete
root@vr-5718 ~
#dmesg | grep -i "ata"
[ 0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, PIPT instruction cache
[ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writealloc
[ 0.000000] Memory: 995432K/1045504K available (8192K kernel code, 338K rwdata, 2472K rodata, 2048K init, 287K bss, 25496K reserved, 24576K cma-reserved, 234496K highmem)
[ 0.000000] .data : 0xc1000000 - 0xc10549e8 ( 339 kB)
[ 0.033895] omap_hwmod: l3_main_2 using broken dt data from ocp
[ 0.263653] No ATAGs?
[ 0.264093] omap4_sram_init:Unable to allocate sram needed to handle errata I688
[ 0.264104] omap4_sram_init:Unable to get sram pool needed to handle errata I688
[ 1.849505] dmm 4e000000.dmm: workaround for errata i878 in use
[ 2.009819] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 2.275608] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): re-mounted. Opts: data=ordered
[ 3.961684] libata version 3.00 loaded.
[ 3.975552] ahci 4a140000.sata: forcing port_map 0x0 -> 0x1
[ 3.975586] ahci 4a140000.sata: AHCI 0001.0300 32 slots 1 ports 3 Gbps 0x1 impl platform mode
[ 3.975592] ahci 4a140000.sata: flags: 64bit ncq sntf pm led clo only pmp pio slum part ccc apst
[ 3.990747] ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 mmio [mem 0x4a140000-0x4a1410ff] port 0x100 irq 81
[ 4.460420] ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 4.466796] ata1.00: ATA-9: mSATA 3TE7, S20615, max UDMA/133
[ 4.472649] ata1.00: 117231408 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32)
[ 4.479684] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 4.494621] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA mSATA 3TE7 15 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[ 4.750250] FAT-fs (sda1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
[ 14.374593] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x12 SAct 0x7f00001f SErr 0x800500 action 0x6 frozen
[ 14.384533] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[ 14.394483] ata1: SError: { UnrecovData Proto LinkSeq }
[ 14.399952] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.407499] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:00:4c:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.407499] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.424004] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.428440] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.436041] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:08:4d:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 1 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.436041] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.455314] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.460684] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.466143] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:10:4e:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 2 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.466143] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.481939] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.485861] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.495710] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 3 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.495710] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.523201] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.531435] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.541407] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:20:50:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 4 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.541407] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.557893] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.562742] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.572911] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:c0:45:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 24 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.572911] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.596639] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.604743] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.610203] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:c8:46:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 25 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.610203] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.627277] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.631179] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.636536] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:d0:47:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 26 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.636536] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.653255] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.657652] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.667155] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:d8:48:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 27 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.667155] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.683192] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.686954] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.693791] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:e0:49:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 28 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.693791] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.709829] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.713589] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.721320] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:e8:4a:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 29 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.721320] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.737232] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.743480] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 14.753572] ata1.00: cmd 60/01:f0:4b:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 30 ncq dma 512 in
[ 14.753572] res 40/00:18:4f:28:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error)
[ 14.772498] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 14.776469] ata1: hard resetting link
[ 15.244445] ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 15.255552] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 15.745646] ata1: EH complete
root@vr-5718 ~
#
1. 信号完整性分析：尽管目前没有设备用于测量眼图，但可以考虑使用示波器观察信号波形，尤其是在低温环境下。这有助于检测信号的变形、抖动或其他异常情况。
2. 电气特性分析：针对信号速度高的SATA接口，可以考虑进行时域反射分析（TDR）或者频域反射分析（FDR）来检测信号线上的反射、阻抗不匹配等问题。
3. 环境测试：在低温环境下进行更详细的测试，比如观察信号线的冷却效应、可能的冷却损失等。
4. 供电稳定性：低温环境下，供电的稳定性也可能受到影响，需要确保供电系统在低温环境下仍能够提供足够的稳定电压和电流。
5. 硬件设计：考虑是否有可能在低温环境下引起的硬件设计问题，比如元件的温度特性、材料的选择等。
根据 https://archive.kernel.org/oldwiki/ata.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Libata_error_messages.html
你的log里面有以下错误：
UnrecovData Data integrity error occurred, interface did not recover
Proto SATA protocol violation detected
LinkSeq Link state machine error occurred
0x20 host bus error Host<->chip bus error (i.e. PCI, if on PCI bus)
0x2 HSM violation Hardware failed to respond in an expected manner. "HSM" stands for Host State Machine, a software-based finite state machine required by ATA that expects certain hardware behaviors, based on the current ATA command and other hardware-state programming details.
综上看来确实是传过来的数据有问题，你可以按照Gary发的来挨个检查一下
